The art of calligraphy couplets (chun lian) during Chinese New Year holds significant meaning and remains an integral part of the global Chinese community. These couplets, often written on red paper, encapsulate poetic blessings and well-wishes for the coming year. As a cherished heritage of the Chinese culture, they are also believed to bring good fortune and ward off evil spirits.
A bridge between the past and the future
The art of calligraphy couplets (chun lian) during Chinese New Year holds significant meaning and remains an integral part of the global Chinese community. These couplets, often written on red paper, encapsulate poetic blessings and well-wishes for the coming year. As a cherished heritage of the Chinese culture, they are also believed to bring good fortune and ward off evil spirits.
Traditionally created by skilled calligraphy ‘sifus’ or masters, modern couplets have increasingly been replaced by factory-made versions. Nevertheless, hand-crafted couplets by a master artist carry greater value and a personal touch. Unfortunately, calligraphy artists are becoming a rare profession, especially in Malaysia.
Renowned calligraphy artist Kho Kheng Hee, who recently shared his passion for the art with Sarawak Tribune at his Chinese New Year booth, has been practising this craft since his secondary school days. Introduced to the medium by his Chinese teacher, Kho’s love for Chinese culture fuelled his passion for calligraphy.
“Calligraphy is unlike other art forms. Every stroke, colour and word carries deep meaning behind them. Each element symbolises the richness of traditional Chinese culture,” said the 70-year-old.
Driven by his devotion to the craft, Kho went under the tutelage of renowned calligraphy artist Chai Hong Chong in 1982. He further honed his skills under the guidance of esteemed masters in Guangzhou, China, such as Fang Chu Qiao and Zhu Gui Ming.
In 2017, Kho pursued his studies in Chinese calligraphy and painting at Jinan University in Guangzhou. He later earned a master’s degree in literature from Northwest University in Xi’an, China. During his study journey, he not only mastered the technical and theoretical aspects of calligraphy but also gained a profound understanding of Chinese culture.
A Stroke of the Brush
As Kho gracefully wields his brush over the red paper, his gentle yet meticulous strokes reflect his commitment to capturing the essence of Chinese characters down to a tee. For him, it is important to have couplets created just like they were in the past, preserving their authenticity.
Once the Chinese New Year season concludes, Kho would spend months of his time to create Chinese paintings — meaningful works often paired with poetry.
“Calligraphy and Chinese painting have a history spanning thousands of years, originating in ancient China. It is a hallmark of Chinese identity. But sadly, to rely on this alone to make a living, it’s difficult. Not impossible, but there are challenges.”
According to him, many in China rely on this art for their livelihood. “My teachers in China are well-off because their art sells for a lot of money. But here, they may be those that do not understand the value. This is why I believe educating people about Chinese culture is crucial before it’s too late. You have to teach people and help them understand. You don’t necessarily need to teach them how to write, but at least explain what this art is and its significance.
Kho added, “If a Chinese person does not understand or know about their culture, it is a problem. I’m not saying you need to excel in it, but you should at least understand it. This knowledge is essential, as it forms the foundation of our identity. Without it, the next generation will be disconnected from their roots.”
“I’m 70 years old now, and maybe I have 10 or 20 years left — we never know. I hope to leave behind a legacy for the next generation to carry forward,” Kho said.
Chinese New Year Couplets
A typical couplet might feature phrases such as “yíng xīn chūn shì shì rú yì”, which translates to “May everything go as you wish in welcoming the Spring Festival.” It can also be “jiē hóng fú bù bù gāo sheng”, which translates to “May good fortunes come your way, and may each step bring you higher and higher.”
These couplets are designed to express hopes for a prosperous year filled with blessings. Kho explained that displaying a couplet on the entrance of the house serves as a reminder to household members of their aspirations for the year ahead, inspiring them to work towards their goals.
“Each person has their own wishes. Business people often seek blessings for success, the elderly wish for good health, and students aspire for academic achievement. These desires are captured in the couplets they request,” Kho said.
Handwritten couplets, he emphasised, embody a deep connection to Chinese heritage. It is also a bridge between the past and the future, a tradition that teaches us the irreplaceable value of human touch and cultural authenticity.
